Reflection of light simulation - The angle of incidence in the water is approximately 39°. At this angle, the light refracts out of the water into the surrounding air bending away from the normal. The angle of refraction in the air is approximately 57°. These values for the angle of incidence and refraction are consistent with Snell's Law.

 
Light. Light Mixing; Color Pigment Mixing; Polarization of Light; Double Slit Diffraction and Interference; Double Slit Interference; Diffraction Grating Laser Lab; Thin Film interference; Reflection and Refraction; Dispersion of Light; Plane Mirrors; Concave and Convex Mirrors; iPad Spherical Mirror Simulation; Concave and Convex Lenses; Lens ... . Conductor

This is a simple simulation showing the reflection and refraction of a ray of light as it attempts to move from one medium to another. Use the sliders to adjust the index of refraction of each of the two materials, as well as the angle of incidence (the angle between the incident ray of light and the normal to the surface). Reflection from a Mirror. Update your browser! Adjust the angle of the mirror and see what happens to the reflected beam! Determine the angle when each observer can see the light. Simulation created Steven Sahyun, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater using code modified from Andrew Duffy's Friction on an incline simulator. December 19, 2018.This experiment contains two parts to be done, which are: Part I:This part defines the reflection and refraction laws of light and use Snell’s law to calculate the index of refraction of unknown material. Part II: This part defines the meaning of the critical angle and the total internal reflection and use the critical angle to calculate the ...Reflection from a Mirror. Update your browser! Adjust the angle of the mirror and see what happens to the reflected beam! Determine the angle when each observer can see the light. Simulation created Steven Sahyun, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater using code modified from Andrew Duffy's Friction on an incline simulator. December 19, 2018.Reflection from a Mirror. Update your browser! Adjust the angle of the mirror and see what happens to the reflected beam! Determine the angle when each observer can see the light. Simulation created Steven Sahyun, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater using code modified from Andrew Duffy's Friction on an incline simulator. December 19, 2018. Light from the sun for example is composed of 7 distinct colors of light, and white light can be created with just three colors; blue, green and red light. Test your understanding and self-check Open the full B end i ng Li g ht simulation 6. Bending of light Objective: The objectives of this lab activities are : To study the law of reflection and refraction of light using different media To study the phenomenon and condition of total internal reflection To observe the dispersion of light by prism and refraction of light by different kinds of lens Introduction: The law of reflection of light states that when light bounces off from ... Using the Interactive. The Plane Mirror Images Interactive is shown in the iFrame below. There is a small hot-spot in the lower-right corner of the iFrame. Dragging this hot-spot allows you to change the size of iFrame to whatever dimensions you prefer. Now available with Task Tracker compatibility. Learn more. Reflection of Light In this activity students will be exploring reflection of light in a plane mirror using the “Bending Light” PhET simulation. Open the simulation by clicking on the link: Learning Objectives By the end of these activities it is hoped that students will have an acquired the following skills: • Following explicit instructions to gain acquired knowledge • Understand ...oPhysics. Select a simulation from one of the above categories or click on a category to see descriptions of the simulations for that category. Hydrogen Energy Levels. This is a simulation of an atomic energy level diagram of the hydrogen atom.By converting our sims to HTML5, we make them seamlessly available across platforms and devices. Whether you have laptops, iPads, chromebooks, or BYOD, your favorite PhET sims are always right at your fingertips.Become part of our mission today, and transform the learning experiences of students everywhere! 3D (using VR) Real image and virtual image Looking at an object, we feel there is an object in it. By the way, if you feel that there is something, we say there is an ‘image’, even if there is no real object... Search Simulations. 한국어.The manner in which light is reflected from a surface depends on the surface’s smoothness. Light that is reflected from a rough, textured surface, such as paper, cloth, or unpolished wood, is reflected in many different directions, as shown in Fig 1(a). This type of reflection is called diffuse reflection.Light from the sun for example is composed of 7 distinct colors of light, and white light can be created with just three colors; blue, green and red light. Test your understanding and self-check Open the full B end i ng Li g ht simulation 6. This pathway provides resources for understanding motion in one dimension. The fundamentals of vector and scalars are covered, and the key concepts of position, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration are explained. The pathway concludes with a series of questions to test understanding of the topic. 6 Favorites. https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/bending-light/latest/bending-light_en.html lack of medium) for light, 𝑣<𝑐 for anything that isn’t vacuum. This means that 𝑛>1, and the larger 𝑛 is, the slower light travels through the medium. In the third video, green laser light passes from air to a piece of acrylic. The index of refraction for the acrylic is 3) (1 point) Calculate the speed of light 𝑣 as it travelsSep 10, 2018 · The reflection of light can be roughly categorized into two types of reflection: specular reflection is defined as light reflected from a smooth surface at a definite angle, and diffuse reflection, which is produced by rough surfaces that tend to reflect light in all directions (as illustrated in Figure 1). There are far more occurrences of ... Reflection of light (and other forms of electromagnetic radiation) occurs when the waves encounter a surface or other boundary that does not absorb the energy of the radiation and bounces the waves away from the surface. This tutorial explores the incident and reflected angles of a single light wave impacting on a smooth surface.Sep 10, 2018 · Reflection of light (and other forms of electromagnetic radiation) occurs when the waves encounter a surface or other boundary that does not absorb the energy of the radiation and bounces the waves away from the surface. This tutorial explores the incident and reflected angles of a single light wave impacting on a smooth surface. Description Simulation of image formation in concave and convex mirrors. Move the tip of the Object arrow or the point labeled focus. Move the arrow to the right side of the mirror to get a convex mirror.Students have the opportunity to experiment with total internal reflection and then derive and apply the formula for the critical angle: Duration 30 minutes: Answers Included No: Language English: Keywords Bending Light, Light, Reflection, Refraction, Total Internal Reflection: Simulation(s) Bending LightLight. Light Mixing; Color Pigment Mixing; Polarization of Light; Double Slit Diffraction and Interference; Double Slit Interference; Diffraction Grating Laser Lab; Thin Film interference; Reflection and Refraction; Dispersion of Light; Plane Mirrors; Concave and Convex Mirrors; iPad Spherical Mirror Simulation; Concave and Convex Lenses; Lens ... Description. Prism color dispersion, ala Pink Floyd. Move the white dot to change the orientation of the incident ray of white light. Use the sliders to adjust the index of refraction of the surrounding material (n1), the red light index of refraction of the prism (nred), and the percent difference between the index of refraction of the prism ...Simulate the reflection of light on a mirror. Mirror (Curved) A mirror whose shape is curved. Can be circular, parabolic, or defined by a custom equation y = f (x). Ideal curved mirror The idealized "curved" mirror which obeys exactly the mirror equation (1/p + 1/q = 1/f). The focal length (in pixels) can be set directly. Beam SplitterDescription Simulation of image formation in concave and convex mirrors. Move the tip of the Object arrow or the point labeled focus. Move the arrow to the right side of the mirror to get a convex mirror.Founded in 2002 by Nobel Laureate Carl Wieman, the PhET Interactive Simulations project at the University of Colorado Boulder creates free interactive math and science simulations. PhET sims are based on extensive education <a {0}>research</a> and engage students through an intuitive, game-like environment where students learn through exploration and discovery.Interactive is shown in the iFrame below. There is a small hot-spot in the lower-right corner of the iFrame. Dragging this hot-spot allows you to change the size of iFrame to whatever dimensions you prefer. Our Who Can See Who? simulation is now available with a Concept Checker. Do the simulation. Then follow it up with the Concept Checker. Our ...This is a 60 to 90 min. worksheet related to the concept of refraction and total internal reflection with simulations activities. Students can observe, examine, explore and connect the simulations to the concepts and would have a better understanding of the behaviour of the light rays in prisms with different shapes. Subject Physics‪Bending Light‬ 1.1.29 - PhET Interactive Simulations May 1, 2014 · Students have the opportunity to experiment with total internal reflection and then derive and apply the formula for the critical angle: Duration 30 minutes: Answers Included No: Language English: Keywords Bending Light, Light, Reflection, Refraction, Total Internal Reflection: Simulation(s) Bending Light Total Internal Reflection. This 1.5-minute video features a demonstration in which a beam of light is directed into a hemicylindrical block of glass. The light approaches along the curved side of the cylinder along the radial line so that there is no refraction upon entering the block. Refraction occurs at the flat edge of the block. Join photographer Nicholas on his expedition to Antarctica to photograph the wildlife. In this simulation, you will learn about the wave-like behaviors of light. When light travels from one medium into another, the rays can reflect off of the surface. Depending on the angle and the media, the light can also refract.Description. This is a visual simulation of the reflection of a wave pulse. Use the check boxes choose between a fixed end (bouncing off a more rigid medium) or a free end (bouncing off a less rigid medium). Use the other check boxes to show or hide the undisturbed incident and reflected waves, so that you can see how their superposition causes ... Enhance productivity with 3DOptix, Optical design and Simulation software. Ray Optics describes light propagation in terms of “rays” and is commonly concerned with how light is propagated, reflected, and refracted and the formation of images. The “ray” in geometric optics is an abstraction, or “instrument”, which can be used to ... The Plane Mirror Images simulation blends an interactive Tutorial with an interactive simulation. Students will learn about the law of reflection and how it can be used to determine the location and characteristics of an image formed by a plane mirror.Light from the sun for example is composed of 7 distinct colors of light, and white light can be created with just three colors; blue, green and red light. Test your understanding and self-check Open the full B end i ng Li g ht simulation 6.6.3.2: Refraction Simulation. The ratio of the speed of light in a material to the speed in a vacuum ( c = 3.0 ×108 m/s c = 3.0 × 10 8 m/s) is called the index of refraction; n = c/v n = c / v where v v is the speed of light in the medium. In this simulation we will investigate the effects of a change in the speed of a wave as it moves from ...‪Bending Light‬ 1.1.29 - PhET Interactive SimulationsEnhance productivity with 3DOptix, Optical design and Simulation software. Ray Optics describes light propagation in terms of “rays” and is commonly concerned with how light is propagated, reflected, and refracted and the formation of images. The “ray” in geometric optics is an abstraction, or “instrument”, which can be used to ... This pathway provides resources for understanding motion in one dimension. The fundamentals of vector and scalars are covered, and the key concepts of position, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration are explained. The pathway concludes with a series of questions to test understanding of the topic. 6 Favorites. Simulation of image formation in concave and convex mirrors. Move the tip of the Object arrow or the point labeled focus. Move the arrow to the right side of the mirror to get a convex mirror. By converting our sims to HTML5, we make them seamlessly available across platforms and devices. Whether you have laptops, iPads, chromebooks, or BYOD, your favorite PhET sims are always right at your fingertips.Become part of our mission today, and transform the learning experiences of students everywhere! The light rays from an actual object bounce off the mirror to give a virtual image. With a flat mirror, the real object and the virtual object are symmetric and appear to be at the same distance on either side of the plane of the mirror. Symmetry rules at work in the reflection process explain how an image is formed by a plane mirror. Object A ...until the wave theory of light was proposed. It is now well understood and experimentally verified that light travels more slowly through materials than through empty space. Air is mostly empty space, so the slowing down of light in air is very small and can be ignored in many cases. The index of refraction of a material is defined as follows: Reflection from a Mirror. Update your browser! Adjust the angle of the mirror and see what happens to the reflected beam! Determine the angle when each observer can see the light. Simulation created Steven Sahyun, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater using code modified from Andrew Duffy's Friction on an incline simulator. December 19, 2018.In this video You will learn the basics of refraction of light. Here the concept of total internal reflection (TIR) and Critical Angle has also been discusse...until the wave theory of light was proposed. It is now well understood and experimentally verified that light travels more slowly through materials than through empty space. Air is mostly empty space, so the slowing down of light in air is very small and can be ignored in many cases. The index of refraction of a material is defined as follows: Although light is an everyday phenomenon that we constantly observe, a numerous researches have reported that students often displayed learning difficulties and hold unscientific understanding on physics concepts of light wave. To address the situation, inquiry-based learning process with a support of computer simulation has been proved its benefits on development of student’s conceptual ...Conclusion: when light passes from a transparent medium A to another transparent medium B where n A > n B: 1. if then refraction will take place. 2. if then the refraction angle is 90° (grazing angle). if then total internal reflection will take place and (where is the angle of reflection and not refraction).The light ray reflecting away from the mirror is called the reflected ray. What is the Normal, Angle of Incidence and Reflection? A normal is a line drawn perpendicular to the reflective surface at the point where incident ray hits the surface.Founded in 2002 by Nobel Laureate Carl Wieman, the PhET Interactive Simulations project at the University of Colorado Boulder creates free interactive math and science simulations. PhET sims are based on extensive education <a {0}>research</a> and engage students through an intuitive, game-like environment where students learn through exploration and discovery. Reflection from a Mirror. Update your browser! Adjust the angle of the mirror and see what happens to the reflected beam! Determine the angle when each observer can see the light. Simulation created Steven Sahyun, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater using code modified from Andrew Duffy's Friction on an incline simulator. December 19, 2018.Mar 25, 2020 · Download all files as a compressed .zip. Title. Virtual Lab - Investigating Refraction of Light. Description. Three short virtual lab investigations. 1) Validating Snell's Law, 2) Describing the intensity of the reflected and refracted rays and 3) determining the refractive index of a mystery metal. Subject. The Bending Light simulation (see FigureL20.4, p. 194) enables you to change the angle of incidence of a light ray that crosses the boundary between two transparent materials and then measure the angle of reflection and refraction. In this Interactive, learners can drag a candle to various positions in front of a curved mirror and quickly observe the characteristics of the images that are formed. It's that simple; no dripping candle wax, no mess to clean up, just pure physics. Now available with a Concept Checker.The light ray reflecting away from the mirror is called the reflected ray. What is the Normal, Angle of Incidence and Reflection? A normal is a line drawn perpendicular to the reflective surface at the point where incident ray hits the surface.Join photographer Nicholas on his expedition to Antarctica to photograph the wildlife. In this simulation, you will learn about the wave-like behaviors of light. When light travels from one medium into another, the rays can reflect off of the surface. Depending on the angle and the media, the light can also refract.This is a simple simulation showing the reflection and refraction of a ray of light as it attempts to move from one medium to another. Use the sliders to adjust the index of refraction of each of the two materials, as well as the angle of incidence (the angle between the incident ray of light and the normal to the surface).The light ray reflecting away from the mirror is called the reflected ray. What is the Normal, Angle of Incidence and Reflection? A normal is a line drawn perpendicular to the reflective surface at the point where incident ray hits the surface. The Bending Light simulation (see FigureL20.4, p. 194) enables you to change the angle of incidence of a light ray that crosses the boundary between two transparent materials and then measure the angle of reflection and refraction. The lighting simulation software is primarily used in illumination design to simulate and optimize light pipes, and light guides, and non-imaging lenses and mirrors. TracePro is also a powerful tool for analysis of aspects of imaging systems such as stray light analysis and polarization effects. With its full set of features, designers can ... Reflection of Light In this activity students will be exploring reflection of light in a plane mirror using the “Bending Light” PhET simulation. Open the simulation by clicking on the link: Learning Objectives By the end of these activities it is hoped that students will have an acquired the following skills: • Following explicit instructions to gain acquired knowledge • Understand ... You can explore the color appearance of a person and of the shadows creating by that person on a white screen with our Colored Shadows simulation. Filtering Away. A color filter is a transparent film that absorbs a range of wavelengths of light. Looking at the world through a color filter will change the color appearance of objects. The reflection of light can be roughly categorized into two types of reflection: specular reflection is defined as light reflected from a smooth surface at a definite angle, and diffuse reflection, which is produced by rough surfaces that tend to reflect light in all directions (as illustrated in Figure 1). There are far more occurrences of ...The Optics Bench Interactive is shown in the iFrame below. There is a small hot-spot in the lower-right corner of the iFrame. Dragging this hot-spot allows you to change the size of iFrame to whatever dimensions you prefer. Our Optics Bench simulation is now available with a Concept Checker that focuses on Concave Mirrors with this activity. Do ...Reflection from a Mirror. Update your browser! Adjust the angle of the mirror and see what happens to the reflected beam! Determine the angle when each observer can see the light. Simulation created Steven Sahyun, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater using code modified from Andrew Duffy's Friction on an incline simulator. December 19, 2018. cal simulation of light scattering by multiple wavelength-sized particles near or between planar interfaces. It im-plements the superposition T-matrix method [15, 16, 17] Krzysztof Czajkowski and Dominik Theobald contributed equally to this work. Figure 1: Artistic visualization of a Gaussian beam scattered by multiple particles on a substrate.Founded in 2002 by Nobel Laureate Carl Wieman, the PhET Interactive Simulations project at the University of Colorado Boulder creates free interactive math and science simulations. PhET sims are based on extensive education <a {0}>research</a> and engage students through an intuitive, game-like environment where students learn through exploration and discovery.By converting our sims to HTML5, we make them seamlessly available across platforms and devices. Whether you have laptops, iPads, chromebooks, or BYOD, your favorite PhET sims are always right at your fingertips.Become part of our mission today, and transform the learning experiences of students everywhere! Mar 25, 2020 · Download all files as a compressed .zip. Title. Virtual Lab - Investigating Refraction of Light. Description. Three short virtual lab investigations. 1) Validating Snell's Law, 2) Describing the intensity of the reflected and refracted rays and 3) determining the refractive index of a mystery metal. Subject. How does a lens or mirror form an image? See how light rays are refracted by a lens or reflected by a mirror. Observe how the image changes when you adjust the focal length of the lens, move the object, or move the screen.The light rays from an actual object bounce off the mirror to give a virtual image. With a flat mirror, the real object and the virtual object are symmetric and appear to be at the same distance on either side of the plane of the mirror. Symmetry rules at work in the reflection process explain how an image is formed by a plane mirror. Object A ... Ellipse Reflection Model. Move the points. Adjust number of segments. Press Play. This is a computer model of how sound (or light, etc) reflects inside an ellipse. Points "F" and "G" are the focus points of the ellipse. Example: Stand at one focus point in an elliptical room. A friend could stand at the other focus point and whisper: you would ...The angle between the reflected ray and the normal is known as the angle of reflection. (These two angles are labeled with the Greek letter "theta" accompanied by a subscript; read as "theta-i" for angle of incidence and "theta-r" for angle of reflection.) The law of reflection states that when a ray of light reflects off a surface, the angle ... Reflection of light (and other forms of electromagnetic radiation) occurs when the waves encounter a surface or other boundary that does not absorb the energy of the radiation and bounces the waves away from the surface. The simplest example of visible light reflection is the surface of a smooth pool of water, where incident light is reflected ...Description. This is a visual simulation of the reflection of a wave pulse. Use the check boxes choose between a fixed end (bouncing off a more rigid medium) or a free end (bouncing off a less rigid medium). Use the other check boxes to show or hide the undisturbed incident and reflected waves, so that you can see how their superposition causes ...The Plane Mirror Images Interactive is a skill-building tool that allows the user to explore the formation of images in plane mirrors. It makes a wonderful complement to lab activities on the law of reflection and the characteristics of plane mirror images. The Interactive takes a Tutorial approach to these topics. This pathway provides resources for understanding motion in one dimension. The fundamentals of vector and scalars are covered, and the key concepts of position, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration are explained. The pathway concludes with a series of questions to test understanding of the topic. 6 Favorites.‪Bending Light‬ 1.1.29 - PhET Interactive SimulationsJun 2, 2020 · This experiment contains two parts to be done, which are: Part I:This part defines the reflection and refraction laws of light and use Snell’s law to calculate the index of refraction of unknown material. Part II: This part defines the meaning of the critical angle and the total internal reflection and use the critical angle to calculate the ... This app is a sort of tutorial which explains the reflection and the refraction of waves by the principle of Huygens. Explanations of each of the steps are provided in the text box. Whenever a step is finished, press the "Next step" button! You can stop and continue the simulation by using the "Pause / Resume" button.oPhysics. Kinematics. Polarization of Light. Description. This is a simulation intended to help visualize polarization. A polarizing filter has a particular transmission axis and only allows light waves aligned with that axis to pass through. In this simulation unpolarized waves pass through a vertical slit, leaving only their vertical components.Total Internal Reflection. This 1.5-minute video features a demonstration in which a beam of light is directed into a hemicylindrical block of glass. The light approaches along the curved side of the cylinder along the radial line so that there is no refraction upon entering the block. Refraction occurs at the flat edge of the block. Hi Students and Teachers! Here is a tutorial on how to run the Reflection and Refraction Simulation. I hope this is helpful. Remember: This is Fine and I Can... This is a 60 to 90 min. worksheet related to the concept of refraction and total internal reflection with simulations activities. Students can observe, examine, explore and connect the simulations to the concepts and would have a better understanding of the behaviour of the light rays in prisms with different shapes. Subject PhysicsMar 25, 2020 · Download all files as a compressed .zip. Title. Virtual Lab - Investigating Refraction of Light. Description. Three short virtual lab investigations. 1) Validating Snell's Law, 2) Describing the intensity of the reflected and refracted rays and 3) determining the refractive index of a mystery metal. Subject. The Plane Mirror Images simulation blends an interactive Tutorial with an interactive simulation. Students will learn about the law of reflection and how it can be used to determine the location and characteristics of an image formed by a plane mirror.Simulation of image formation in concave and convex mirrors. Move the tip of the Object arrow or the point labeled focus. Move the arrow to the right side of the mirror to get a convex mirror. The light ray reflecting away from the mirror is called the reflected ray. What is the Normal, Angle of Incidence and Reflection? A normal is a line drawn perpendicular to the reflective surface at the point where incident ray hits the surface.

The angle of incidence in the water is approximately 39°. At this angle, the light refracts out of the water into the surrounding air bending away from the normal. The angle of refraction in the air is approximately 57°. These values for the angle of incidence and refraction are consistent with Snell's Law. . Where is the fortune teller

reflection of light simulation

Launch Interactive. Learners are encouraged to open the Interactive and Explore. An activity sheet is not needed for this Interactive. Our Who Can See Who? simulation is now available with a Concept Checker. Do the simulation. Then follow it up with the Concept Checker. Learners and Instructors may be interested in viewing the accompanying ... The Bending Light simulation (see FigureL20.4, p. 194) enables you to change the angle of incidence of a light ray that crosses the boundary between two transparent materials and then measure the angle of reflection and refraction.Description. Prism color dispersion, ala Pink Floyd. Move the white dot to change the orientation of the incident ray of white light. Use the sliders to adjust the index of refraction of the surrounding material (n1), the red light index of refraction of the prism (nred), and the percent difference between the index of refraction of the prism ...White light is made up of light rays with different wavelengths which we see as various colors. When light refracts, the amount of bending depends upon the light's wavelength. It is maximum for violet and minimum for red. Hence white light splits into different colored rays, each with different amount of bending, when passing through a prism.In/Post-Class Activity, Bending Light, PhET. Description. This is a 60 to 90 min. worksheet related to the concept of refraction and reflection with conceptual questions and simulations activities. Students can observe, examine, explore and connect the simulations to the concepts and would have a better understanding of bending/refracting light ...Bending of light Objective: The objectives of this lab activities are : To study the law of reflection and refraction of light using different media To study the phenomenon and condition of total internal reflection To observe the dispersion of light by prism and refraction of light by different kinds of lens Introduction: The law of reflection of light states that when light bounces off from ... Aug 13, 2020 · 6.3.2: Refraction Simulation. The ratio of the speed of light in a material to the speed in a vacuum ( c = 3.0 ×108 m/s c = 3.0 × 10 8 m/s) is called the index of refraction; n = c/v n = c / v where v v is the speed of light in the medium. In this simulation we will investigate the effects of a change in the speed of a wave as it moves from ... But if you leave it as it is, the light takes 2.37 seconds with an angle of incidence of 16.699° and reflection of 67.380°. Of course, I don't want to manually change the reflection point on the ...The light rays from an actual object bounce off the mirror to give a virtual image. With a flat mirror, the real object and the virtual object are symmetric and appear to be at the same distance on either side of the plane of the mirror. Symmetry rules at work in the reflection process explain how an image is formed by a plane mirror. Object A ...lack of medium) for light, 𝑣<𝑐 for anything that isn’t vacuum. This means that 𝑛>1, and the larger 𝑛 is, the slower light travels through the medium. In the third video, green laser light passes from air to a piece of acrylic. The index of refraction for the acrylic is 3) (1 point) Calculate the speed of light 𝑣 as it travels cal simulation of light scattering by multiple wavelength-sized particles near or between planar interfaces. It im-plements the superposition T-matrix method [15, 16, 17] Krzysztof Czajkowski and Dominik Theobald contributed equally to this work. Figure 1: Artistic visualization of a Gaussian beam scattered by multiple particles on a substrate..

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